A Simple and Effective Method of Evaluating Atomic Force Microscopy Tip Performance
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The morphology of a surface imaged by dynamic force mode atomic force microscopy is obtained through an interaction between the probe tip and surface features. When the tip is contaminated and the size of the contaminant is comparable to the size of the features on the sample surface, artifacts attributable to the contaminant are observed to dominate the image. To reduce the possibility of effects from such artifacts, the tip performance should be checked by scanning a reference sample of known surface morphology. We demonstrate a simple and effective method of evaluating tip performance by the imaging of a commercially available biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) film, which contains nanometer-scale-sized fibers. This sample is appropriate for use as a reference because a contaminated tip will not detect the fiberlike network structure. In addition, BOPP has a soft, highly hydrophobic surface of low surface energy, thus ensuring that the tip will not be damaged or contaminated during the evaluation process.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".