Out-of-plane motion estimation based on a Rician-Inverse Gaussian model of RF ultrasound signals: speckle tracking without fully developed speckle
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Fully developed speckle has been used previously to estimate the out-of-plane motion of ultrasound images. However, in real tissue the rarity of such patterns and the presence of coherency diminish both the precision and the accuracy of the out-of-plane motion estimation. In this paper, for the first time, we propose a simple mathematical derivation for out-of-plane motion estimation in which the coherent and non-coherent parts of the RF echo signal are separated. This method is based on the Rician-Inverse Gaussian stochastic model of the speckle formation process, which can be considered as a generalized form of the K-distribution with richer parameterization. The flexibility of the proposed method allows considering any patch of the RF echo signal for the purpose of displacement estimation. The experimental results on real tissue demonstrate the potential of the proposed method for accurate out-of-plane estimation. The underestimation of motion in ex vivo bovine tissue at 1 mm displacement is reduced to 15.5% compared to 37% for a base-line method.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".