Bibliographic record
Abstract
“In Sikhism the Kirpan is an instrument of non-violence that should be used to prevent harm from being done to a defenceless person.”1 To what extent should the right to religious expression prevail over student safety concerns? The issue has arisen most dramatically in recent years with respect to Sikh students wanting to wear the kirpan in schools. It has arisen across the world in countries as diverse as Canada,2 the United States,3 Great Britain, Australia, and New Zealand. This is not unsurprising. The kirpan is not a humble object. It has been described as “a small, curved ornamental steel dagger”4 or “a sword”5 that is “commonly 7.5 centimetres long” and “is carried in a sheath and strapped to the body, usually under clothing.”6 The issue is of importance as one of individual religious expression. But it is also important because it calls into question the commitment to multiculturalism, pluralism, tolerance, and broad-mindedness that is the hallmark of the Western liberal democratic state.7
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.014 | 0.038 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.009 | 0.007 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".