Polar cap convection and PC index during sudden changes in solar wind dynamic pressure
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The polar cap (PC) index derived from polar magnetic variations is primarily a measure of the intensity of the transpolar ionospheric currents generated by the solar wind interaction with the Earth's magnetosphere. We have examined the influence of the solar wind dynamic pressure on the PC index in cases of global sudden impulses (SI) or storm sudden commencement (SSC) magnetic impulses. Such events usually give rise to a sequence of a negative preliminary reverse impulse (PRI) followed by a positive main impulse (MI) in the PC index. Sudden decreases in the solar wind dynamic pressure generate the corresponding sequence of pulses with inverted polarity. These pulses have amplitudes of typically 0.5 in the PC index and a total duration of 10–30 min. Using magnetic recordings from a network of observatories in the polar cap we have examined in detail the development in the polar ionospheric convection following sudden solar wind dynamic pressure changes. The PRI impulses are related to the occurrence of a pair of transient dayside reverse convection vortices at cusp latitudes. We conclude that the short negative PRI pulses in the PC index following sudden changes in solar wind dynamic pressure are caused by the diversion of magnetopause currents along cusp field lines to the polar cap ionosphere as the pressure front sweeps over the magnetosphere. The more extended positive MI main impulses are related to the formation of a pair of forward convection vortices in the dayside auroral oval supported by enhanced Region 1 (R1) field‐aligned currents flowing to and from the auroral ionosphere.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".