Broadband scattering from spherical shells in a waveguide: modeling and classification
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this presentation, the exact expression for scattering from a sphere in a Pekeris waveguide (e.g., Sammelmann and Hackman, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 𝟠𝟚, 1987) is discussed. The importance of the sphere/interface rescattering terms is considered. A computationally faster multipath expansion approach is derived and its accuracy compared with the exact approach. For sufficiently high frequencies and in the case where the rescattering terms can be ignored, the multipath approach yields accurate predictions. The broadband scattering from an elastic-shelled sphere in a Pekeris waveguide is considered as a function of the frequency (or time for a pulse) and the sphere's range and depth in the waveguide. The classification problem is also discussed. The echos (time series or spectra) from a large set of spheres with varying parameters are generated and grouped into six classes corresponding to the various shell thicknesses and materials. Simple classifiers based upon temporal or spectral representations are considered for the spheres in free space and in a waveguide
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".