Stabilization of Whey Protein Isolate−Pectin Complexes by Heat
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Protein-polysaccharide complexes formed under electrostatic associative conditions could have interesting functional properties. However, their stability over a wide range of pH limits their widespread application. The aim of this work was to determine the time-temperature combination required to stabilize whey protein isolate (WPI) and pectin (LMP) complexes formed at pH 4.5 to a further pH adjustment to 7. The effect of storage for 28 days at 4 degrees C was also evaluated. Stability was confirmed by quantification of sugar and nitrogen in each phase after centrifugation. Three heat treatments were performed: 73 degrees C/5 min, 85 degrees C/15 min, and 90 degrees C/2 min. At 73 degrees C/5 min, adjustment to neutral pH led to disruption of WPI-LMP complexes. The most severe heating conditions (85 and 90 degrees C) allowed the stabilization of WPI-LMP complexes. Heated complexes (90 degrees C) could be preserved for up to 28 days of storage at 4 degrees C without affecting their stability.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".