Bibliographic record
Abstract
Research Article| January 01, 2002 A Brief Overview of Synchrotron Radiation T. K. Sham; T. K. Sham 1Department of Chemistry Chemistry Building University of Western Ontario London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Mark L. Rivers Mark L. Rivers 2Consortium for Advanced Radiation Sources Building 434A Argonne National Laboratory 9700 S. Cass Avenue Argonne, Illinois, 60439, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Author and Article Information T. K. Sham 1Department of Chemistry Chemistry Building University of Western Ontario London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada Mark L. Rivers 2Consortium for Advanced Radiation Sources Building 434A Argonne National Laboratory 9700 S. Cass Avenue Argonne, Illinois, 60439, U.S.A. Publisher: Mineralogical Society of America First Online: 09 Mar 2017 © The Mineralogical Society Of America Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry (2002) 49 (1): 117–147. https://doi.org/10.2138/gsrmg.49.1.117 Article history First Online: 09 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation T. K. Sham, Mark L. Rivers; A Brief Overview of Synchrotron Radiation. Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry 2002;; 49 (1): 117–147. doi: https://doi.org/10.2138/gsrmg.49.1.117 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyReviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry Search Advanced Search Abstract The generation of synchrotron radiation from a storage ring is described with emphasis placed on aspects relevant to synchrotron radiation users. Topics include the history of synchrotron radiation, the machinery that makes a storage ring work, the dipole and the insertion device sources, the importance of storage ring energy, current and emittance, the properties of synchrotron radiation and their relevance to the study of the interaction of light with matter. You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.008 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.029 | 0.035 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".