Bond Orbitals from Chemical Valence Theory
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Two sets of orbitals are derived, directly connected to the Nalewajski-Mrozek valence and bond-multiplicity indices: Localized Orbitals from the Bond-Multiplicity Operator (LOBO) and the Natural Orbitals for Chemical Valence (NOCV). LOBO are defined as the eigenvectors of the bond-multiplicity operator. The expectation value of this operator is the corresponding bond index. Thus, the approach presented here allows for a discussion of localized orbitals and bond multiplicity within one common framework of chemical valence theory. Another set of orbitals discussed in the present work, NOCV, are defined as eigenvectors of the overall chemical valence operator. This set of orbitals can be especially useful for a description of bonding in transition metal complexes, as it allows for separation of the deformation density contributions originating from the ligand --> metal donation and metal --> ligand back-donation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".