Time-dependent behavior of pile groups by staged construction of an adjacent embankment on soft clay
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A series of centrifuge model tests were performed to investigate the behavior of pile groups subjected to lateral soil movements by surcharge loading from approach embankments. The emphasis was on quantifying the time-dependent response in terms of deflections, bending moments, and earth pressures acting on pile groups during embankment construction and over short- and long-term periods after embankment construction. A variety of instruments were used to examine the soilpile interaction for pile groups adjacent to surcharge loads. Through these studies, it is found that pile cap deflections and bending moments developed to their maximum values under the short-term surcharge loading and decreased gradually to minimum values under the long-term loading. The ground settlement reached its maximum value under long-term loading, however, due to the consolidation of soft clay. It is also found that the lateral mean pressure acting on the pile is about 0.75 and 0.35 times the surcharge load q (= γH, where γ is the unit weight of the soil and H is the height of the embankment) under short- and long-term loading, respectively.Key words: time-dependent response, lateral soil movements, pile groups, centrifuge model tests, surcharge loads, soft clay.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".