Multi-component mathematical model of solid oxide fuel cell anode
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A mathematical model describing the multi-component species transport inside the porous solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) anode has been developed. The model includes the water–gas shift reaction in the anode electrode (backing) layer and the spatially resolved electrochemical reaction in the reaction zone layer. The modified Stefan–Maxwell equations incorporating Knudsen diffusion were used to model multi-component diffusion inside the porous electrode (backing) and reaction zone layers. Moreover, the general Butler–Volmer equation was used to model the electrochemical reaction in the reaction zone layer. The model can predict the distribution of species within the SOFC anode for any reformate gas composition involving carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen and water vapour. The chemical and electrochemical reactions as well as transport processes in the SOFC anode can be simulated, yielding the anode performance under various operating and design conditions. This anode model can be coupled with a similarly developed model for the cathode to form an overall model for a single SOFC model. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".