Intravascular Lymphoma Presenting as Telangectasias: Response to Rituximab and Combination Chemotherapy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Intravascular lymphoma is a rare and aggressive disease with abnormal lymphocytes confined within blood vessels. Cutaneous findings are common in the presentation of this disease. OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this article are (1) to describe a case of intravascular lymphoma treated with chemotherapy and rituximab and (2) to review the literature with respect to skin findings and outcomes of these patients after chemotherapy. PATIENT: Our patient had an unusual presentation of intravascular lymphoma characterized by tender, slightly indurated plaques composed of dense telangectatic vessels. RESULTS: Our patient responded to combination chemotherapy with the addition of a partial course of rituximab (anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody). CONCLUSION: Intravascular lymphoma commonly presents with skin findings of tender indurated plaques and nodules. Although a number of clinical variations exist, telangectatic plaques are rarely described. Including our case, 50 patients have been reported after treatment with chemotherapy. Approximately 46% of treated patients exhibit either partial or complete response to chemotherapy. This is the first reported case of intravascular lymphoma treated successfully with the addition of rituximab. Overall, this malignancy remains an unusual and aggressive disease. Recognition of the cutaneous findings and early treatment with chemotherapy may alter the course of this disease. Rituximab may be an important addition to combination chemotherapy in treating intravascular lymphoma.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".