Identification of a novel sodium-dependent fructose transport activity in the hepatopancreas of the Atlantic lobster<i>Homarus americanus</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
[(3)H]Fructose and [(3)H]glucose transport were determined in brush-border membrane vesicles (BBMV), basolateral membrane vesicles (BLMV) and isolated cells (E, R, F, B) of H. americanus (Atlantic lobster) hepatopancreas. Glucose transport in BBMV was equilibrative in the absence of sodium and concentrative in the presence of sodium. Sodium-dependent glucose transport by BBMV was not inhibited by a tenfold molar excess of fructose. Glucose transport by BLMV was equilibrative and sodium independent. Fructose uptake by BBMV and BLMV was equilibrative in the absence of sodium and concentrative in the presence of sodium. This enhancement was not affected by a tenfold molar excess of glucose in the presence of sodium. E-, F- and B-cells showed sodium-dependent uptake of fructose, while R-cells did not. Sodium-dependent fructose uptake by E-cells was not inhibited by a tenfold molar excess of glucose or mannose. Western blot analysis of BBMV, BLMV and E-, R-, F- and B-cells using rabbit polyclonal antibodies directed against epitopes of mammalian GLUT2, GLUT5, SGLT1 and SGLT4 indicated the presence of cross-reacting lobster proteins. Sequence alignment of the mammalian proteins with translated, lobster expressed sequence tags also indicated significant identity between species. Comparison of fructose and glucose uptake in the absence and presence of sodium by BBMV, BLMV and isolated cells indicated the presence of a distinct sodium-dependent transport activity for each sugar in the Atlantic lobster.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".