Variation in sex allocation and male–female trade‐offs in six populations of <i>Collinsia parviflora</i> (Scrophulariaceae s.l.)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Assumed trade-offs between male and female functions in hermaphroditic flowers have been difficult to demonstrate. Collinsia parviflora (Scrophulariaceae) is a winter annual that exhibits significant among-population variation in corolla size in British Columbia, Canada. We asked whether reduction in secondary male allocation (i.e., the attractive corolla), a preliminary indicator of mating system, was matched by a reduction in primary male allocation (i.e., pollen production), and whether there were allocation trade-offs between male and female function both within and among six study populations. Larger-flowered populations allocated more to male function (androecium and corolla biomass), and because populations did not vary in female biomass allocation (gynoecium and calyx), population differences were not due to simple allometric scaling. Populations also differed in per-flower gamete production (pollen and ovules). We found male-female trade-offs within populations between androecium and gynoecium mass and between corolla and calyx mass. Among populations, there was a marginal trade-off between pollen and ovule production and a significant within-male trade-off between pollen grain size and number. Trade-offs between the sexes were primarily apparent when we controlled for flower size in the analysis. Variation among populations in sex allocation may reflect different optima related to the mating system.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".