University Revenues and Faculty Salaries in Ontario: 1970/71–2003/04
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Average faculty salaries at 15 Ontario universities, 1970/71–2003/04, are examined. There were four distinct regimes of government policies and funding of universities, and faculty salaries mimicked the behaviour of funding in each. Consistent with a supply and demand framework, increases in faculty employment are associated with increases in salaries and the same for decreases. Different types of university funding are estimated to have different effects on the number of faculty; and the impacts of funding are decomposed into employment and salary effects. Average faculty salaries performed poorly compared to those of other professionals and construction union rates, but did better than teachers' salaries, which showed steady declines from 1995 to 2001. Controlling for changing ages and ranks of faculty over the period, average salaries trended downwards, albeit unevenly, over the period studied. Salaries rose sharply after 1998, but remained below the levels of the early 1970s.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".