Differential Actions of Dopamine Receptor Subtypes on Gonadotropin and Growth Hormone Release in vitro in Goldfish
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Incubation of cultured goldfish pituitary cells with 10 nM to 1 microM apomorphine (APO), a non-selective dopamine agonist, increased growth hormone (GH) release in a dose-dependent manner. GH release was also stimulated in a dose-dependent manner by 0.1 nM to 1 microM salmon gonadotropin (GTH)-releasing hormone (sGnRH), sGnRH analog, and chicken GnRH-II (cGnRH-II). The magnitude of GH responses to 1 microM GnRHs were less than that to 1 microM APO. GH responses to 10 nM to 1 microM APO were not significantly increased by the addition of GnRHs. Static incubations with 0.1 nM to 1 microM of the dopamine D1 agonist SKF38393 did not alter basal GTH release, or the GTH responses to 10 nM sGnRH and cGnRH-II. In contrast, the D1 agonist SKF38393 significantly increased basal GH secretion with maximal stimulation achieved at 100 nM concentration, and GH responses to 10 nM sGnRH and 10 nM cGnRH-II were enhanced by simultaneous applications of SKF38393. Incubation with 1 microM of the D2 agonist LY171555 decreased basal GTH release. Additions of 0.1 nM to 1 microM LY171555 caused dose-dependent decreases in the GTH secretion induced by 10 nM sGnRH and cGnRH-II. In contrast, basal and GnRH-stimulated GH release were not affected by coincubations with LY171555. The D1 antagonist SKF83566 and the D2 antagonist domperidone, at 1 microM concentrations, specifically blocked the D1 agonist SKF38393-stimulated increase in GH release and the D2 agonist LY171555-induced depression of GTH secretion, respectively. In cell column perifusion studies, the D1 agonist SKF38393 at 0.1 nM to 1 microM had no effects on GTH release, but significantly elevated GH secretion rates when applied at 0.1-1 microM concentrations. The GH release induced by 1 microM SKF38393 was significantly reduced by simultaneous perifusion with 1 microM of the D1 antagonist SKF83566. Treatments with SKF38393 and/or SKF83566 did not affect net GTH and GH responses to sGnRH challenges. In contrast, perifusion with 0.1 and 1 microM of the D2 agonist LY171555 depressed basal as well as sGnRH-induced GTH responses. These effects of 1 microM LY171555 were completely blocked by simultaneous applications of 1 microM domperidone, a D2 antagonist. Treatments with these D2 selective drugs did not affect basal and sGnRH-stimulated GH release. These results indicate that in cultured goldfish pituitary cells, activation of dopamine D1- and D2-like receptors specifically stimulates GH release and inhibits both basal and stimulated GTH secretion, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it