Global Birth Hypoxia Increases the Neonatal Testosterone Surge in the Rat
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Global birth hypoxia in rats has been shown to produce long-term changes in central nervous system functions, known to be influenced by neonatal testosterone secretion. Birth hypoxia alters levels of several circulating hormones, but it is unknown if it affects neonatal testosterone. METHODS: Using a rat model of acute global hypoxia during cesarean section (C-section) birth, this study tested whether birth hypoxia affects neonatal testosterone. We then evaluated whether the observed hypoxia-induced changes in neonatal testosterone may be mediated via N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor activation and/or altered luteinizing hormone (LH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) or corticosterone levels. Longer-term effects of birth hypoxia on testosterone-related function were also assessed. RESULTS: Rats born by C-section + 15 min of anoxia had significantly higher plasma testosterone at 2 and 3 h after birth compared to controls born either vaginally or by C-section. Administration of an NMDA receptor antagonist at birth increased neonatal testosterone in both anoxic pups and controls. Pups exposed to birth anoxia under hypothermic conditions also showed increased neonatal testosterone. Circulating LH, follicle-stimulating hormone and corticosterone in neonates, and testosterone at adulthood were unaffected by birth hypoxia. However, plasma ACTH was significantly increased in anoxic neonates at 2 h after birth. Birth condition had no effect on anogenital distance or juvenile play behavior. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that birth hypoxia augments plasma testosterone during the critical period of the neonatal testosterone surge, by a mechanism that is independent of NMDA-mediated LH secretion, but may involve increased circulating ACTH.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".