Apex-enhanced second-harmonic generation by using double-hole arrays in a gold film
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The enhancement of second harmonic generation (SHG) from arrays of subwavelength double holes in a gold film is studied. Each overlapping double hole, which is created in a straightforward manner by approaching two individual holes, has apexes that are responsible for nanoscale focusing of the electric field. A 14 times enhancement of SHG is measured when compared to the circular hole shape. The angular dependence of the SHG is explained by momentum matching and by symmetry breaking required for SHG. By varying the periodicity of the arrays, the Bragg resonances are tuned and modify the SHG signal. The SHG is shown to be enhanced by a resonance at the second harmonic wavelength. The local enhancement of the electric field presented in this work shows that the double-hole structure is a good candidate for applications such as surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and nonlinear optics.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".