Bright White Upconversion Emission from Tm<sup>3+</sup>/Yb<sup>3+</sup>/Er<sup>3+</sup>-Doped Lu<sub>3</sub>Ga<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub> Nanocrystals
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
We report the synthesis of Tm 3+ /Yb 3+ /Er 3+ -doped Lu 3 Ga 5 O 12 nanocrystals prepared by a simple sol−gel method exhibiting bright white light following excitation with lower energy near-infrared light (λ exc = 980 nm) via an upconversion process. The combination of upconverted blue (from Tm 3+ ), green, and red (from Er 3+ ) emissions resulted in the white luminescence, which is intense and visible to the naked eye at a laser power less than 30 mW (3.4 W/cm 2 ). The calculated Commission internationale de l′éclairage (CIE) color coordinates, which is the standard reference for defining colors, fall well within the white region and shift only slightly with the incident laser powers indicating that the material might be promising for the development of devices such as white light lasers and LEDs.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it