Ferroelectric BaTiO<sub>3</sub> Nanowires by a Topochemical Solid-State Reaction
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The possible existence of a new kind of ferroelectric order and the need to explore domain arrangement in ferroelectric nanostructures has stimulated an increasing activity on the growth of ferroelectric nanowires. In the present study, single crystal BaTiO 3 nanowires with tetragonal structure were obtained by an original solid-state process using layered titania nanowires coated with BaCO 3 nanocrystals as reactive templates. Formation of BaTiO 3 occurs at 700 °C by a topochemical reaction. Consequently, the initial morphology of the titania nanowires is retained in the final product. Piezoresponse force microscopy measurements show a strong piezoactivity and stripe domain patterns with domain width of 20−50 nm, predominant in-plane response and 90° domain walls. The proposed synthesis method is quite general and might be adapted to the fabrication different ferroelectric and nonferroelectric oxide nanowires.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".