Parameters Affecting the Chiral Nematic Phase of Nanocrystalline Cellulose Films
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) is extracted from woody biomass using acid hydrolysis. It has unique strength and distinctive optical/conductive/magnetic properties. When a suspension of NCC is air-dried, it forms a film with unique characteristics (e.g., iridescence) linked to the formation of chiral nematic structure. In this contribution, the effects of ionic strength, temperature, suspension concentration, and exposure to magnetic field on the morphology of NCC are examined. The influence of these parameters on chiral nematic phase is investigated at a macroscopic level using circular dichroism and polarized microscopy. It is demonstrated that the addition of salt to NCC suspensions, NCC concentration, temperature, and the presence of a magnetic field all have an effect on the pitch of the chiral nematic structure. For example, drying of the NCC film in the presence of a 0.2 T external magnetic field increases the pitch, in a manner dependent on drying time. The implication of these results for the structure and properties of NCC is discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".