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Unmodified Cadmium Telluride Quantum Dots Induce Reactive Oxygen Species Formation Leading to Multiple Organelle Damage and Cell Death

Why is this work in the frame?

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

Canadian affiliationAn author listed a Canadian institution. This is the only route the usual frame has.

Classifier prediction

metacan-v1-d91a1de5be90

Predictions imitate two machine teachers. Scores are not calibrated prevalence probabilities.

Classifier candidate
Bench or experimental
Classifier consensus
Bench or experimental
Teacher imitation scores

Codex

Bench or experimental0.993
Not applicable0.056
Simulation or modelling0.006
Research integrity0.002
Theoretical or conceptual0.001
Observational0.001
Open science0.000
Science and technology studies0.000
Scholarly communication0.000
Systematic review0.000
Metaresearch0.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.000
Qualitative0.000
Other design0.000
Randomized trial0.000
Non-randomized trial0.000
Case report0.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.000
Bibliometrics0.000
Meta-analysis0.000

Gemma

Bench or experimental0.982
Not applicable0.023
Simulation or modelling0.005
Observational0.002
Theoretical or conceptual0.000
Research integrity0.000
Science and technology studies0.000
Non-randomized trial0.000
Qualitative0.000
Metaresearch0.000
Open science0.000
Bibliometrics0.000
Scholarly communication0.000
Randomized trial0.000
Case report0.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.000
Meta-analysis0.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.000
Systematic review0.000

Machine scores (provisional)

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Opus teacher head0.035
GPT teacher head0.245
Teacher spread
0.210 how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation status
score_only:v0-immature-baseline verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Abstract

Quantum dots (QDs) are luminescent nanoparticles with unique optical properties that have been exploited for single-cell and whole-animal imaging. When coated with proteins or biocompatible polymers, QDs are not deleterious to cells and organisms. However, when QDs are retained in cells or accumulated in the body for a long period of time, their coatings may be degraded, yielding "naked" QDs. Here, we show that "naked" QDs induce damage to the plasma membrane, mitochondrion, and nucleus, leading…

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