A Research on the Relationship between Leadership Orientations and the Innovativeness of Owner-Managers in Turkish Businesses
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Relevant literature notes that leadership in business contexts inspires innovativeness. This study considers this insight as a starting point but moves beyond the existing literature by focusing only on leaders to understand how leadership inspires a leader’s own innovativeness. The author chose the people who own and manage a business (owner-managers) and used the perceptions of workers in businesses to evaluate the existence of leadership as well as leadership orientations of owner-managers. The key objectives of this study – namely, evaluating how perceived leadership and leadership orientations of owner-managers affect their own innovativeness – reveal remarkable results. There are two leadership orientations, one focusing on the work and the other that focuses on people. There are many factors related to owner-manager innovativeness. The perceived leadership of owner-managers moderately affects their innovativeness in a positive direction. The factors related to people-oriented leadership can also affect their innovativeness positively at a moderate level.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".