Steady-State Network Thermofluid Models of Loop Heat Pipes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A loop heat pipe (LHP) with one evaporator, a vapor-transport line, a single condenser, a liquid-transport line, and a compensation chamber is considered. The evaporator is an internally grooved circular pipe, with an annular wick installed on its inner surface. The wick is made of sintered powder metal. The condenser is a horizontal tube that is fitted with excellent thermal contact inside a metallic sleeve that is immersed in a constant-temperature bath maintained at a fixed sink temperature. Two different network thermofluid models of this LHP operating under steady-state conditions are presented. In the first (basic) model, quasi one-dimensional mathematical models of the fluid flow and heat transfer in each of the elements of the LHP are used; the pressure drop in the two-phase region of the condenser is ignored; and a relatively simple correlation is used to model the heat transfer in the two-phase region of the condenser. In the second (segmented) model, quasi one-dimensional control volumes or cells are used for the simulation of fluid flow and heat transfer in the vapor-transport line, the condenser, and the liquid-transport line, in order to better account for the variation of fluid properties and the quality (in two-phase regions); and the pressure drops in the two-phase regions are accounted for. The working fluid considered in this investigation is ammonia, but the proposed models can be used with any suitable fluid. Results pertaining to the LHP performance for a range of operating conditions are presented. Some of these results are compared to corresponding results of an earlier experimental investigation in the literature: good agreement is obtained with both models.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".