Comparing methods to remove emerging contaminants and disinfection by-product precursors at pilot scale
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Research Article| November 01 2011 Comparing methods to remove emerging contaminants and disinfection by-product precursors at pilot scale Ron Hofmann; Ron Hofmann 1Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A4 E-mail: ron.hofmann@utoronto.ca Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Fariba Amiri; Fariba Amiri 1Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A4 Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Sarah Wilson; Sarah Wilson 2Associated Engineering, Suite 800, 304 The East Mall, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M9B 6E2 Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Elisa Garvey; Elisa Garvey 3Carollo Engineers, Inc., 2700 Ygnacio Valley Road, Walnut Creek, 96161, USA Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Chris Metcalfe; Chris Metcalfe 4Water Quality Centre, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada K9J 7B8 Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Cari Ishida; Cari Ishida 5Geosyntec Consultants, 134 N. LaSalle St., Ste. 300, Chicago, IL 60602, USA Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Kimberly Lin Kimberly Lin 6Contra Costa Water District, P.O. Box H2O, Concord, CA, USA Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-Aqua (2011) 60 (7): 425–433. https://doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2011.152 Article history Received: June 29 2011 Accepted: September 13 2011 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Cite Icon Cite Permissions Search Site Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsThis Journal Search Advanced Search Citation Ron Hofmann, Fariba Amiri, Sarah Wilson, Elisa Garvey, Chris Metcalfe, Cari Ishida, Kimberly Lin; Comparing methods to remove emerging contaminants and disinfection by-product precursors at pilot scale. Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-Aqua 1 November 2011; 60 (7): 425–433. doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2011.152 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex The removal of selected pharmaceuticals and personal care products, atrazine, and disinfection by-product precursors, was evaluated during a pilot-scale study conducted at the Bollman Water Treatment Plant in Concord, California, USA. Treatment alternatives included ozonation followed by biologically active filtration (BAF), and nanofiltration. Both technologies exhibited excellent broad-spectrum removal of the spiked target contaminants. The ozone/BAF system in particular showed a high degree of effectiveness despite relatively low ozone doses corresponding to a low disinfection target (0.5-log Giardia reduction). The BAF system was observed to remove several contaminants that were relatively unreactive with ozone, demonstrating an important synergy between the ozone and BAF. biologically active filtration, disinfection by-product, nanofiltration, ozone, personal care product, pharmaceutical This content is only available as a PDF. © IWA Publishing 2011 You do not currently have access to this content.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".