Plasma-Prepared Ni/Al2O3: Preparation, Characterization and Toluene Hydrogenation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Nano-nickel particles were prepared using hydrogen arc plasma method and new nano-nickel hydrogenation catalysts were prepared through calcinating mixtures of the plasma-prepared nano-nickel particles and a ?-alumina support. The catalysts were characterized by using SEM, XRD, and TPR. The activities of the catalysts were evaluated through the hydrogenation of toluene in a fixed be microreactor. Catalysts prepared by conventional comulling and impregnation methods were also examined for comparative purposes. The characterization results showed that the nano-nickel catalysts had an egg-shell structure in terms of nickel-alumina distribution, with most of the nickel located at the outer surface of the catalyst particles. The hydrogenation experiments showed that the nano-nickel catalyst provided much higher activities than those co-precipitated and impregnated nickel catalysts with similar nickel contents. However, both types of catalysts followed first-order reaction kinetics and similar activation energies were observed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".