Observations of reactive oxidized nitrogen and speciation of NO<sub><i>y</i></sub> during the PROPHET summer 1998 intensive
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Measurements of NOy, NOx, PAN, PPN, MPAN, C3‐C5 alkyl nitrates, total isoprene nitrates, HNO3, HONO, and aerosol NO3− and NO2− were made during the summer 1998 intensive of the Program for Research on Oxidants: Photochemistry, Emissions, and Transport (PROPHET). Mixing ratios of NOy, NOx, PAN, PPN, and alkyl nitrates were observed to have a strong dependence on the direction of transport to the site as was expected from the distribution of major urban and industrial sources. A peak in NOx and NOx/NOy during the morning in southerly flow provides evidence for the transport of relatively unprocessed emissions in layers above the nocturnal boundary layer. The difference in PAN and PPN levels between north and south flow directions indicates a net transport of reactive nitrogen to regions farther north. Isoprene nitrates were observed to typically comprise less than 1% of NOy in spite of the dominance of isoprene in local VOC chemistry, although due to the rapid losses of isoprene nitrates through reaction, vertical mixing, and deposition, their role in the processing of NOy may be significant. General agreement was observed between NOy and the sum of the individually measured constituents during ten 24 hour periods, although a linear regression indicates the potential for an interference in the individual measurements and a possible shortfall in NOy. Measurements indicate that HONO may play a larger role in the reactive nitrogen budget than previously expected for a rural site. HONO/NO2 for a 24 hour period was observed to be 0.09–0.25 and suggests the likelihood of a significant heterogeneous production pathway or pathways.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".