Spermatozoa and seminal plasma induce a greater inflammatory response in the ovine uterus at oestrus than dioestrus
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Leukocyte infiltration and increased synthesis of cytokines in response to insemination is considered to enhance reproductive success. The present study investigated the inflammatory response to whole semen, spermatozoa and seminal plasma, with and without the addition of antibiotics, in the ovine uterus at oestrus and dioestrus. Seminal plasma and spermatozoa both contributed to increased IL-8 secretion (P < 0.01) by endometrial epithelial cells and a concurrent infiltration by neutrophils (P < 0.01). Increased GM-CSF secretion (P < 0.01) occurred in response to whole semen and spermatozoa when antibiotics were not used. Macrophages and eosinophils increased (P < 0.05) in the endometrial stroma when antibiotics were not used, and fewer mast cells were detected in the deep endometrial stroma after treatments containing antibiotics (P < 0.05). Neutrophil and IL-8 responses to insemination were greater at oestrus (P < 0.01) than at dioestrus and the GM-CSF response followed a similar trend. Eosinophil numbers were increased at oestrus (P < 0.01) but minimally affected by insemination. More macrophages were located in the superficial endometrial stroma at oestrus. These results indicate that spermatozoa, seminal plasma and possibly bacteria contribute to the post-insemination inflammatory response, and that leukocytes, GM-CSF and IL-8 secretion in the ovine uterus are influenced by ovarian hormones.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".