Les institutrices rurales du Bas-Canada : incompétentes et inexpérimentées?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cet article entend projeter une image plus précise des institutrices ayant travaillé dans les écoles de campagne du Bas-Canada de 1825 à 1860. On y soutient que le processus de féminisation du métier d'enseignant a été trop rapidement attribué aux maigres salaires consentis à de toutes jeunes filles, jugées à tort inexpérimentées, incompétentes et passives. Appuyée sur des sources nouvelles, l'analyse révèle un processus plus complexe qui s'amorce très tôt au Québec, dès le premier tiers du XIXe siècle, et qui tient davantage des difficultés financières et des préférences des communautés locales, de l'appropriation du métier par les institutrices, du retrait des hommes de l'enseignement primaire et des politiques des autorités scolaires. Possédant souvent une expérience de plusieurs années ainsi qu'une formation jugée adéquate et manifestant un réel souci d'améliorer leurs connaissances et leur pratique, les institutrices rurales ont apporté une contribution essentielle à l'entreprise de scolarisation de l'ensemble de la jeunesse bascanadienne.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.019 | 0.009 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".