Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Limb sensations in restless legs syndrome (RLS) include an urge to move, a discomfort, or even a frank pain. However, no large studies compared painful to nonpainful RLS as specific phenotypes. We investigated the painful form of RLS in a clinical series of primary RLS patients and a large sample of members of the French RLS association (AFE). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-six patients with primary RLS (face-to-face interviewed) and 734 AFE members (received by ground mail an self-report questionnaire) responded to the presence/absence of painful RLS sensations and were included. They completed a French reconstruction of the McGill Pain Questionnaire (Questionnaire Douleur de Saint-Antoine [QDSA]) to assess their RLS sensations as well as questions about demographics and clinical RLS features. RESULTS: Sixty-one percent of interviewed patients and 55% of AFE members had painful RLS sensations. The patients with painful RLS were more sleepy and tired than those with nonpainful sensations. The RLS severity and need for current, dopaminergic treatment were higher in AFE members with painful than with nonpainful RLS. In both the groups, the QDSA qualifier "burning" was the most frequent (37% to 44%) sensory discriminator of painful RLS. In the AFE sample, QDSA scores, and the distribution of words in all QDSA subclasses was skewed toward a more severe connotation with more than one third of patients selecting affective discriminating words like "exasperating," "exhausting," and "unbearable." DISCUSSION: Painful RLS appears to be a severe, "burning" subtype of RLS, and could be a distinct disease or a clinical variant in a sensations continuum.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.023 | 0.015 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it