The Influence of Culture on Financial Reporting Quality in Malaysia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate whether financial reporting quality relates to national culture. Besides the conventional corporate governance mechanism of the board of directors and substitute corporate governance mechanism of ownership structure, culture and religious traditions have been considered as having an important influence on corporate governance systems employed in any one country. Malaysia is a multiethnic society with Chinese and Malays dominating economics and politics in Malaysia. Ethnicity acts as a suitable surrogate for culture in Malaysia, which has a multiracial society, each section of which still maintains its own unique ethnic identity and values. This study uses a discretionary component of the accrual quality model as a measure for financial reporting quality to examine the association between ethnicity and financial reporting quality. This study finds no significant relationship between the race of chairman and race of CEO and accrual quality. Interestingly, this study reports higher financial reporting quality associated with firms dominated by Malay directors. The finding of this study suggests that the quality of financial reporting cannot be culturally free and is impacted largely by government policy. This study offers an alternative explanation on the association between governance and financial reporting quality by examining the role of ethnicity that explicates the unique institutional context of an Asian country.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.029 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".