Vacuole Acidification Is Not Required for Survival of<i>Salmonella enterica</i>Serovar Typhimurium within Cultured Macrophages and Epithelial Cells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Phagosome acidification is an important component of the microbicidal response by infected eukaryotic cells. Thus, intracellular pathogens that reside within phagosomes must either block phagosome acidification or be able to survive at low pH. In this work, we studied the effect of phagosomal acidification on the survival of intracellular Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium in different cell types. Bafilomycin A1, a specific inhibitor of the vacuolar proton-ATPases, was used to block acidification of salmonella-containing vacuoles. We found that in several epithelial cell lines, treatment with bafilomycin A1 had no effect on intracellular survival or replication. Furthermore, although acidification was essential for Salmonella intracellular survival in J774 cultured macrophages, as reported previously (13), it is not essential in other macrophage cell lines. These data suggest that vacuolar acidification may play a role in intracellular survival of salmonellae only under certain conditions and in specific cell types.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".