TEM Characterization of Carbon Nanoshells Obtained from Leaching Carbonyl Nickel Metal Powders
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Certain carbonyl nickel powders manufactured by the Mond chemical vapour deposition (CVD) process are coated with a nanometric layer of graphitic carbon. Through a simple chemical process of acid leaching of the nickel metal a dry filtrate is obtained, which consists of carbon nanopowder. As imaged in a transmission electron microscope (TEM), the powder consists of hollow carbon shells, termed carbon nanoshells (CNS) that are replicas of the nickel particulates. The shell thickness may vary from a few nanometers to tens of nanometers. Each carbon shell is composed of layered nanocrystals of turbostratic graphite distinguished by of the presence of a high density of defects, such that the basal planes tend to follow the curvature of the original Ni core. EELS analysis showed that the electronic character of the CNS is closer to that of graphite than to amorphous carbon.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".