Human auditory steady-state responses: Respuestas auditivas de estado estable en humanos
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Steady-state evoked potentials can be recorded from the human scalp in response to auditory stimuli presented at rates between 1 and 200 Hz or by periodic modulations of the amplitude and/or frequency of a continuous tone. Responses can be objectively detected using frequency-based analyses. In waking subjects, the responses are particularly prominent at rates near 40 Hz. Responses evoked by more rapidly presented stimuli are less affected by changes in arousal and can be evoked by multiple simultaneous stimuli without significant loss of amplitude. Response amplitude increases as the depth of modulation or the intensity increases. The phase delay of the response increases as the intensity or the carrier frequency decreases. Auditory steady-state responses are generated throughout the auditory nervous system, with cortical regions contributing more than brainstem generators to responses at lower modulation frequencies. These responses are useful for objectively evaluating auditory thresholds, assessing suprathreshold hearing, and monitoring the state of arousal during anesthesia.Los potenciales evocados de estado estable pueden registrarse del cráneo humano en respuesta a estímulos auditivos presentados a tasas de 1 y 200 Hz o por modulaciones periódicas de la amplitud y/o de la frecuencia de un tono continue Las respuestas pueden ser detectadas objetivamente por medio de un análisis frecuencial En sujetos en estado de alerta las respuestas son particularmente prominentes con tasas de estimulación cercanas a 40 Hz. Las respuestas evocadas por estímulos presentados a tasa más rápida resultan menos afectadas por cambios del estado de conciencia y pueden ser evocados por estímulos múltiples simultáneos sin una pérdida significativa de la amplitud. La amplitud de la respuesta aumenta conforme la profundidad de la modulación o de la intensidad aumenta. El retraso de fase de la respuesta aumenta conforme la intensidad de la frecuencia portadora aumenta. Las respuestas auditivas de estado estable se generan a todo lo largo del sistema nervioso auditivo; las regiones corticales contribuyen más que los generadores del tallo cerebral en las respuestas de frecuencias más bajas. Estas respuestas son útiles para evaluar objetivamente los umbrales de audición y permiten también evaluar la audición supraliminar y monitorizar el estado de conciencia durante la anestesia.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".