Population-level responses to sediment during early life inbrook trout
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The spawning sites, incubation success, and density of young-of-the-year (YOY) brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) were examined in stream populations experiencing varying levels of sediment stress. Our objective was to determine effects on embryos and YOY and examine cumulative effects on the populations. Early development was unaffected (88% survival). Mortality occurred at late, encapsulated embryo stages likely as a function of oxygen deprivation within redds. Survival to emergence from the substrate was significantly reduced (∼50%) in redds in which fine sediments accumulated. Groundwater reduced sediment accumulation in redds and enhanced survival. Sediment may have affected dispersal of YOY trout. All populations appeared successful in term of total density (average = 72/100 m2). Our findings emphasize the importance of targeting multiple life-history stages and understanding local adaptations when searching for true population-level effects in any stressed ecosystem.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".