Nonlinear Modeling and Harmonic Recycling of Millimeter-Wave Rectifier Circuit
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents and demonstrates a harmonic harvesting technique, which aims at rerectifying and recycling the rectifier output harmonics in order to increase the RF-to-dc conversion efficiency. Firstly, an analytical framework is developed based on the Ritz-Galerkin technique to investigate the output power distribution of a simple millimeter-wave rectifier circuit over its dc and generated harmonics components. The numerical results show that about 32% and 66% of the output power is distributed over the dc component and the first harmonic, respectively. In order to recycle and harvest the first harmonic power component, a 35-GHz voltage doubler rectifier implemented in microstrip technology and capable of harmonic harvesting is then studied and designed. To evaluate the performance of the proposed rectifier, the conventional voltage doubler and the harmonic signal rectifiers are fabricated and measured. The measured RF-to-dc conversion efficiencies of 34% at 20-mW input RF power for the harmonic harvester configuration, and 23% at the same input RF power level for the conventional voltage doubler are observed. Moreover, it is shown that the proposed harmonic rectifier suggests about 12% efficiency improvement compared to previously reported millimeter-wave rectifiers at the same level of input power (20 mW). The proposed rectifier configuration can find potential applications in the development of millimeter-wave wireless power transmission devices operating at medium power range (1-100 mW).
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it