Conduit implosion during Vulcanian eruptions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Research Article| July 01, 2005 Conduit implosion during Vulcanian eruptions B. Kennedy; B. Kennedy 1Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Munich, Theresienstraße 41/III, 80333 Munich, Germany, and Earth and Planetary Sciences, McGill University, 3450 University Street, Montreal, Canada Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar O. Spieler; O. Spieler 2Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Munich, Theresienstraße 41/III, 80333 Munich, Germany Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar B. Scheu; B. Scheu 2Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Munich, Theresienstraße 41/III, 80333 Munich, Germany Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar U. Kueppers; U. Kueppers 2Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Munich, Theresienstraße 41/III, 80333 Munich, Germany Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar J. Taddeucci; J. Taddeucci 3Seismology and Tectonophysics, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Via di Vigna Murata, 605, 00143 Rome, Italy, and Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Munich, Theresienstraße 41/III, 80333 Munich, Germany Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar D.B. Dingwell D.B. Dingwell 4Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Munich, Theresienstraße 41/III, 80333 Munich, Germany Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Author and Article Information B. Kennedy 1Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Munich, Theresienstraße 41/III, 80333 Munich, Germany, and Earth and Planetary Sciences, McGill University, 3450 University Street, Montreal, Canada O. Spieler 2Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Munich, Theresienstraße 41/III, 80333 Munich, Germany B. Scheu 2Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Munich, Theresienstraße 41/III, 80333 Munich, Germany U. Kueppers 2Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Munich, Theresienstraße 41/III, 80333 Munich, Germany J. Taddeucci 3Seismology and Tectonophysics, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Via di Vigna Murata, 605, 00143 Rome, Italy, and Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Munich, Theresienstraße 41/III, 80333 Munich, Germany D.B. Dingwell 4Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Munich, Theresienstraße 41/III, 80333 Munich, Germany Publisher: Geological Society of America Received: 14 Jan 2005 Revision Received: 09 Mar 2005 Accepted: 10 Mar 2005 First Online: 02 Mar 2017 Online ISSN: 1943-2682 Print ISSN: 0091-7613 Geological Society of America Geology (2005) 33 (7): 581–584. https://doi.org/10.1130/G21488.1 Article history Received: 14 Jan 2005 Revision Received: 09 Mar 2005 Accepted: 10 Mar 2005 First Online: 02 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation B. Kennedy, O. Spieler, B. Scheu, U. Kueppers, J. Taddeucci, D.B. Dingwell; Conduit implosion during Vulcanian eruptions. Geology 2005;; 33 (7): 581–584. doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/G21488.1 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyGeology Search Advanced Search Abstract Fragmentation experiments and detailed textural studies were performed on Vulcanian pyroclasts of variable porosity from Soufrière Hills volcano, Montserrat. We use textural differences to identify two types of pyroclasts with distinct eruption histories. Our experiments show that high-porosity Type 1 pumice fragments rapidly, and that low-porosity Type 2 fragments relatively slowly. Both types of pyroclast contain fractured crystals containing burst melt inclusions. The orientations of the fractures relative to the crystal alignment indicate that Type 1 decompressed vertically and Type 2 decompressed laterally. We interpret that Type 1 clasts were derived from the conduit center, whereas Type 2 clasts were derived from the implosion of the conduit lining. We propose a conceptual model of rapid fragmentation of pumice in the conduit center, and a slower fragmentation of a pressurized conduit wall, vulnerable to implosion. Conduit implosion can explain observed widening of volcanic vents during eruptions. We also hypothesize that the fragmentation front is concave; this has important implications for modeling of explosive eruptions. You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".