Adhesion forces between functionalized probes and hydrophilic silica surfaces
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Adhesion forces between functionalized colloidal polymer spheres and a hydrophilic silica surface under different solution conditions were measured using an atomic force microscope (AFM). The measured force profiles show that the adhesion forces are sensitive to surface functional groups, pH, salt concentrations and the valency of cationic species. At pH below 8, the adhesion force between the surfaces of carboxylate functionality and hydrophilic silica wafer is about one order of magnitude greater than that between the surfaces of amine functionality and hydrophilic silica wafer. The strong adhesion interactions observed between the carboxylic-acid-functionalized probe and the hydrophilic silica surfaces are mainly attributed to hydrogen bonding between the surfaces. Our results suggest that hydrogen-bonding interactions can be mediated by the addition of divalent species as demonstrated by the addition of calcium ions at 0.1 and 1.0 mM concentration.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".