Industrial Coke as an Electrode Material for Environmental Remediation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Industrial coke was evaluated as a low-cost electrode material for environmental remediation, using the dye Orange II as an example substrate. Coke was used as massive pieces in batch cells or in the ground form for use in a packed-bed reactor. The loss of Orange II was faster when the supporting electrolyte contained chloride ion, and under these conditions the reaction involved hypochlorination. In the batch reactor, the current efficiency for mineralization was only modest (4−14%). In the packed-bed reactor, the loss of both starting material and intermediates was fastest at high current and low flow rate, and a near-quantitative current efficiency was achieved. The high current efficiency was explained by the greater surface area of the electrodes in the packed-bed reactor compared with the batch reactor, and better contact between the solution to be remediated and the coke particles. A drawback to the use of coke electrodes for the remediation of aqueous wastes is their tendency to increase the total organic carbon content of an aqueous solution, especially under anodic polarization.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".