Greater Postexercise Hypotension in Trained Individuals Following Prolonged Exercise in the Heat
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Postexercise hypotension in untrained (U) individuals is due to a sustained peripheral vasodilation which is not offset by increases in cardiac output (Q). In contrast, trained (T) individuals demonstrate a reduced Q while total peripheral resistance (TPR) is unchanged. However, it has recently been shown that both fluid replacement and mild hyperthermia maintain elevated levels of postexercise Q in T. Yet, it is unknown if this response differs between U and T. PURPOSE: To compare differences in mean arterial pressure (MAP) between U and T following prolonged exercise in the heat, with and without fluid replacement. METHODS: In a thermal chamber maintained at 42°C, 3 U (VO2max = 50.0±8.0 ml/kg/min) and 3 T (VO2max = 72.7±12 ml/kg/min) performed 120min of cycling exercise at a fixed external workload of 120 W followed by 90min of recovery. Exercise was performed with (Fluid) and without (Control) water consumption. MAP and Q were measured every 10min postexercise and used to calculate TPR. Esophageal temperature (Tes) was recorded continuously. RESULTS: Control decreased body weight by 3.0±0.8 and 4.7±2.4 %, whereas Fluid maintained body weight within 0.5±0.5 and 0.7±0.6 % for U and T respectively. End-exercise Tes was greater following Control (U: 38.8±0.4°C, T: 39.1±0.6°C, p=0.213) compared to Fluid (U: 38.1±0.3°C, T: 38.0±0.6°C, p=0.730). Although MAP was reduced below baseline levels in both U and T following Control, there was a trend for MAP to be lower in T at 60 (86±14 mmHg vs. 76±11 mmHg, p=0.069) and 90min (87±13 mmHg vs. 76±10 mmHg, p=0.072). There were no differences in Q at either 60 (U: 6.1±0.5 L/min, T: 5.9±0.6 L/min, p=0.792) or 90min (U: 6.2±0.8 L/min, T: 6.0±0.1 L/min, p=0.765). Although not statistically different, the lower MAP in T appears to be due to a lower TPR at 60 (U: 14.2±3.0 L/min/mmHg, T: 12.7±3.2 L/min/mmHg, p=0.262) and 90min (U: 14.1±2.6 L/min/mmHg, T: 12.5±2.3 L/min/mmHg, p=0.196). No differences in MAP, Q and TPR were observed between groups following Fluid. CONCLUSION: Trained individuals have a more pronounced postexercise hypotension compared to untrained individuals following combined hyperthermia and dehydration. Preliminary data suggest that this greater postexercise hypotension is due to a more pronounced peripheral vasodilation. Funding support: NSERC grant held by Dr. G.P. Kenny.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".