Whole-column imaging capillary electrophoresis of proteins with a short capillary
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Whole-column imaging capillary electrophoresis with a short capillary is discussed. A short capillary (3-6 cm) coated with either fluorocarbon or polyacrylamide was used as a separation capillary. The whole capillary was illuminated with 280 nm light, and the transmitted light was monitored by a linear charge-coupled device (CCD). For the short capillary, hydrodynamic flow caused by a subtle height difference between the anodic and cathodic reservoirs affected the sample migration in the capillary greatly. Several sample injection methods, including use of a cross connection, sealing of the capillary ends with a gel, and use of a gel-filled capillary, have been discussed. The experimental results showed that the peak height decreased and peak width increased with the electromigration distance. Therefore, higher sensitivity was obtained in a short capillary rather than a long capillary. The whole-column imaging CE with the short capillary has been applied for the study of conjugation reactions of protein cytochrome c with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and the dye Congo Red. The method has also been used for in situ monitoring of the electrophoretic protein desorption process. Our technique is a unique tool for the study of protein binding reactions and the interaction between analyte and inner wall of the capillary.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".