Effect of Gamma Radiation and Oregano Essential Oil on Murein and ATP Concentration of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The study was carried out to evaluate the effects of gamma-irradiation alone or in combination with oregano essential oil on murein composition of Staphylococcus aureus and on the intracellular and extracellular concentration of ATP. The bacterial strain was treated with 3 irradiation doses: 1.2 kGy to induce cell damage, 2.9 kGy to obtain a viable but nonculturable state, and 3.5 kGy to cause cell death. Oregano essential oil was used at 0.010% and 0.013% (w/v), which is the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). All treatments had a significant effect (P < or = 0.05) on the murein composition, although some muropeptides did not seem to be affected by the treatment. Each treatment influenced differently the relative percentage and number of muropeptides. There was a significant (P < or = 0.05) correlation between the reduction of intracellular ATP and increase in extracellular ATP following treatment of the cells with oregano oil. The reduction of intracellular ATP was even more important when essential oil was combined with irradiation. Also, irradiation alone of S. aureus induced a significant decrease (P < or = 0.05) of the internal ATP and a significant increase (P < or = 0.05) of the external ATP. However, no significant difference (P > 0.05) was observed in ATP concentrations between different radiation doses. Transmission electron microscopic observation revealed that oregano oil and irradiation have an effect on cell wall structure.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".