Bibliographic record
Abstract
We study the interpenetration of a polymer solution placed on top of a colloidal suspension. Direct observations show that at the interface, the depletion attraction induced by the polymer causes the colloids to aggregate in a thin layer. This acts as a semipermeable membrane, through which the polymer osmotic pressure squeezes out solvent from the colloidal suspension like a cafetiere plunger. Observations using fluorescent polymers show that despite the very high concentration gradients present, very little of the polymer gets into the colloid. The movement of the colloid−polymer interface has two regimes at increasing initial polymer concentration. First, the interface moves at a constant velocity with a constant thickness. In this regime, the interfacial velocity does not depend on the initial colloid volume fraction but increases linearly with the polymer osmotic pressure (Π p ). We show that these observations are consistent with Darcy-type flow through the interfacial membrane driven by Π p . At higher polymer concentration, a strong instability occurs and the interfacial layer breaks and reforms regularly. The origin of this nonlinear behavior is unclear. The relationship of our observations to fouling in ultrafiltration in an unstirred batch cell is discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".