Expression and function of syndecan-4 in human platelets
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Platelet recruitment crucially depends on amplification systems provided by autocrine and paracrine factors such as adenosine diphosphate. In inflammatory states, consumption of coagulation proteins, such as antithrombin aggravates the procoagulant state. In this study, we report that platelets express syndecan-4, an antithrombin-binding cell surface heparan sulphate proteoglycan, whose ligation with antithrombin inhibits activated platelet-dependent superoxide anion release from neutrophils by the limitation of adenosine diphosphate and adenosine triphosphate secretion in activated platelets. Adenosine triphosphate-induced platelet aggregation is reduced after treatment of platelets with antithrombin, which is reversed by blockade of syndecan-4. We further observed that antithrombin limits CD40 ligand expression in adenosine diphosphate-activated platelets and inhibits the shedding of syndecan-4 from activated platelets. Syndecan-4 appears to be directly involved in regulating platelet aggregation as anti-syndecan-4 antibody augments platelet aggregation. We suggest that antithrombin might exert beneficial effects in disseminated intravascular coagulation by reducing platelet activation, observed as inhibited CD40 ligand expression, syndecan-4 shedding, and adenosine diphosphate- and adenosine triphosphate-release from activated platelets with subsequent inhibition of neutrophil respiratory burst. From these data it is concluded that syndecan-4 may play important roles in the regulation of inflammatory effects of platelets.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".