Bibliographic record
Abstract
The natural bite angle concept is examined using N,N′-bisphosphino urea ligands as rigid scaffolds. The ligand has an upper limit of about 95° for the observed bite angle in chelate complexes, but prefers a much lower one. The ligand can be described as possessing downward flexibility. The dependence of the bite angle on the P—P distance within the ligand and the M—P bond length is illustrated. The metal tries to force the ligand into its own preferred structure, whereas the ligand wants to achieve a short P—P distance. A truly rigid ligand such as the N,N′-bisphosphino urea family is thus seen to clearly discriminate between metal atoms according to their individual assertiveness, using the P—P distance in the complex as a measure. Although the natural bite angle concept is valid and helpful in determining the possible bite-angle range for ligands before it is actually synthesised, its practical applicability seems to be limited to those cases where the flexibility range of the ligand allows for only one metal-preferred bite angle to be realized.Key words: natural bite angle, ligand effects, ligand design.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".