Hydroquinone-Induced Depigmentation: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Melasma is an acquired cutaneous disorder caused by an overproduction of melanin by the enzyme tyrosinase. Melasma remains a therapeutic challenge and no definitive standard therapy exists. Although hydroquinone (HQ) has emerged as the most common treatment, its popularity has recently waned because of concerns about its potential carcinogenicity and manufacturing challenges. The adverse effects of HQ range from the common irritant contact dermatitis to the less frequent exogenous ochronosis (EO). Previous reports suggest that the risk of leukoderma from HQ treatment is limited to individuals of African descent. Herein, we describe for the first time the development of depigmentation and paradoxical hyperpigmentation in 2 patients with Fitzpatrick skin type III/IV after brief treatment of their melasma with the HQ-containing Nu-Derm and Reverse systems.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it