Avoidance of solar ultraviolet radiation by juvenile coho salmon (<i>Oncorhynchus kisutch</i>)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Shade-seeking behavior and avoidance of solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) by newly emerged coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) alevins and two-month-old coho juveniles was documented in experimental trials in the Little Qualicum River, British Columbia, using outdoor chambers that provided the fish with a binary choice of photo environments. Under high solar intensities (i.e., midsummer, cloudless skies) coho of both age classes strongly preferred 50% neutral density shaded conditions to unattenuated full-spectrum (280700 nm) sunlight (t test, p < 0.025). In addition, coho alevins and juveniles showed a high selective avoidance of UVR (280400 nm) (t test, p < 0.05). Within the UVR spectrum, coho responded significantly to UVA (320400 nm) (t test, p = 0.028). Evidence of UVB (280320 nm) avoidance was confounded by higher visible and UVA irradiance levels under screens exposing coho to UVB. Under lower solar intensities (i.e., cloudy skies) coho showed no spectral preference and did not seek neutral density shade. Behavioral avoidance of high intensity UVR, particularly UVA, suggests that shade-seeking behavior of juvenile coho may be linked to avoiding potentially harmful UVR exposure.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".