Pre-liquid excrescent schwa: what happens when vocalic targets conflict
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Sequences of high tense vowel + liquid in English often result in the percept of an intervening schwa, as in, e.g., heel, hail, hire. We argue in this paper that this apparent schwa is simply the incidental acoustic result of the tongue moving through “schwa-space ” (a schwa-like position) during the transition between conflicting tongue root targets. This conflict bears on both articulatory timing relationships in syllable codas and tongue root specification for tense vowels. We present two experiments: Experiment 1 shows that excrescent schwa does not correspond with greater duration of syllable rimes; Experiment 2 shows that the tongue moves through schwa space along its trajectory in the excrescent schwa cases. Our results support a timing model whereby coda timing is determined by the relationship between syllable peak and consonant closure, but where timing is unaffected by the number of intervening vocalic events. 1.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.029 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".