The immunomodulating and antioxidant activity of fucoidan on the splenic tissue of rats treated with cyclosporine A
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cyclosporine A (CsA), a potent immunosuppressive agent, has several adverse effects on different organs including the spleen. Fucoidan is a sulfated polysaccharide extracted from marine algae and it has numerous biological activities. The present study aimed to investigate the adverse effects of CsA on the spleen of rats and to evaluate the role of fucoidan, as immune-modulator and antioxidant substance, in the treatment of the CsA adverse effects. CsA administration to rats caused some histological degenerated changes in lymphocytes, plasma cells and neutrophils as well as it caused a reduction in CD3+ T cell expression in the spleen and in IL-2, IL6-, IFN-γ, IgM and IgG levels in the plasma. The histological degeneration was ameliorated by fucoidan treatment in variable degrees. CD3+ T cell expression and the plasma levels of IL-2, IL-6 and IFN-γ were increased by fucoidan treatment. IgM had more inhibition by fucoidan but IgG was improved. Lipid peroxidation was increased by CsA and fucoidan failed to reverse this change. Nitric oxide was increased by the high dose of CsA and was decreased after treatment with fucoidan. Glutathione was increased by fucoidan treatment. Superoxide dismutase activity was inhibited by CsA and low dose of fucoidan improved this inhibition. In conclusion CsA exerted adverse effects on the spleen tissue as shown by histological and biochemical changes. Fucoidan has immune-modulatory and antioxidant effects against CsA-induced adverse effects on the spleen tissue.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".