Nanowire-array-based photonic crystal cavity by finite-difference time-domain calculations
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Stimulated by recent reports on successful preparation of periodic nanowire arrays, we propose a class of photonic crystal (PC) cavities based on such nanowire arrays. This concept combines the advantages of PC's for tight confinement of light with the demonstrated suitability of nanowires for fabricating lasers. Unlike a previously used two-dimensional analysis, the three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain technique employed here allows us to study real spatial structures with nanowires of finite length. We discuss the realistic aspects of the cavity design, including the leakage in the vertical direction, aspect ratio of the wires, and thickness of the insulating layer between wires and substrate. The results show it is feasible to achieve microcavites with mode volumes from $\ensuremath{\sim}10{(\ensuremath{\lambda}∕n)}^{3}$ to $\ensuremath{\sim}2{(\ensuremath{\lambda}∕n)}^{3}$ and $Q$ values as high as ${10}^{4}$ using only about 80 nanowires with a proper design. The electromagnetic field of the mode concentrates in the nanowires, allowing their use as possible active materials for lasing and nonlinear operation. In addition, we analyze the influence of optical properties of the materials on the performance of the cavities, including absorption and dispersion. A simple formula is derived to calculate the $Q$ value with the presence of absorption. We predict a frequency splitting in dispersive materials based on numerical simulation. The results reported here establish the viability of the concept of using nanowires as building blocks to design microcavities and provide guidelines for designing compact and tightly confined optical modes in these cavities.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".