One-dimensional p-p plots and precedence tests for point processes on ℝ d
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Given two univariate distributions F and G, the hypothesis that F = G can be tested against the alternative that F < G using a precedence test statistic, or more generally the procentile-procentile plot of G against F. In this paper we propose a d-dimensional generalization of the precedence test and the corresponding p-p plot that is appropriate for a test of F = G against the alternative that F ≺ G for various stochastic orders on ℝ d . The test statistic is consistent and the p-p plot process is shown to converge to a Gaussian limit. Under the null hypothesis, the p-p plot can be regarded as a two-sample version of Kendall’s process, and in one case the resulting test statistic has the novelty of being distribution free.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.036 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it